Water treatment methods

ABSTRACT

There is disclosed a desalinization apparatus, and methods related to desalinization. In an embodiment, a desalinization apparatus includes at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough, at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough, at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water, salt and air; and a plurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow, at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows. In an embodiment, a method includes providing airflow to a desalinization apparatus; providing salt water to the desalinization apparatus; forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the salt water; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/417,384, filed 20 May 2019, pending, which is a continuation of Ser.No. 15/962,109, filed 25 Apr. 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,299,399, issuedon 21 May 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/748,046, filed 23 Jun. 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,981,199, issuedon 28 May 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/750,889, filed 25 Jan. 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,061,921, issuedon 23 Jun. 2015, which is a divisional application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/190,878 filed on 13 Aug. 2008, now U.S. Pat. No.8,361,281, issued on 29 Jan. 2013, the disclosures of which areincorporated, in their entireties, by this reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many types of devices have been developed over the years for the purposeof converting liquids or aerosols into gas-phase fluids. Many suchdevices have been developed, for example, to desalinate water so as toremove excess salt and other minerals from water. Saline water, or saltwater, generally contains a significant concentration of dissolvedsalts. Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, or 35 g/L.Seawater is not potable nor suitable for irrigating crops.

Water may be desalinated in order to be converted to fresh watersuitable for human consumption or irrigation. Large-scale desalinationtypically uses large amounts of energy as well as specialized, expensiveinfrastructure. As such , it is very costly to use desalinated waterinstead of fresh water from rivers or groundwater.

Three methods of desalination include vacuum distillation, reverseosmosis and multi-stage flash.

In vacuum distillation, water is boiled at less than atmosphericpressure. Boiling of a liquid occurs when the vapor pressure equals theambient pressure and vapor pressure increases with temperature. Due tothe reduction in temperature, energy is saved.

Reverse osmosis technology involves semi-permeable membranes andpressure to separate salts from water. Less energy may be used thanthermal distillation. However, desalination remains energy intensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an embodiment, there is provided a desalinization apparatus,comprising a first end and a second end in opposition to one another, aline between the first end and the second end forming an axis, the firstend forming at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough and ata pressure higher than an ambient atmospheric pressure, the first endforming at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough and at apressure higher than the ambient atmospheric pressure, the second endforming at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor,and the second end forming at least one output for proving outflow of amixture of water, salt and air; and at least one tube casing extendingbetween the first end and the second end, the tube casing enclosing aplurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow,at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of passageways arrangedsubstantially parallel to the axis between the first end and the secondend, forming a plurality of ports from the passageways, and the portsarranged in a plurality of rows substantially parallel to one anotherand substantially perpendicular to the axis between the first end andthe second end.

In another embodiment, there is provided a method, comprising providingairflow to a desalinization apparatus at a pressure higher than anambient atmospheric pressure; providing salt water to the desalinizationapparatus at a pressure higher than an ambient atmospheric pressure;forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the saltwater; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so asto obtain pure water.

Other embodiments are also disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate certain embodiments discussed belowand are a part of the specification.

FIGS. 1-3 illustrate perspective views of a desalinization apparatus.

FIG. 4 illustrates the input portion of the desalinization device shownin FIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 5 illustrates an enlarged view of processing chambers in aprocessing section of the desalinization apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-3.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate enlarged, perspective views of separatorchambers in a separator section of the desalinization apparatus shown inFIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the desalinization apparatus shownin FIGS. 1-3.

FIGS. 9-16 illustrate various cross-sectional views of v-cupconfigurations within the chamber of processing section of thedesalinization apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-3.

FIGS. 17-19 illustrate a three row v-cup from one of the chambers of theprocessing section of the desalinization apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-3.

FIGS. 20 and 21 a five row v-cup from one of the chambers of theprocessing section of the desalinization apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 22 illustrates a partition from one of the separation chambers ofthe separation section of the desalinization apparatus shown in FIGS.1-3.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a desalinization process according toone embodiment of the invention.

Throughout the drawings, identical reference characters and descriptionsindicate similar, but not necessarily identical elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Illustrative embodiments and aspects are described below. It will ofcourse be appreciated that in the development of any such actualembodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made toachieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance withsystem-related and business-related constraints, that will vary from oneimplementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such adevelopment effort might be complex and time-consuming, but wouldnevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in theart having the benefit of this disclosure.

As used throughout the specification and claims, the words “including”and “having,” as used in the specification, including the claims, havethe same meaning as the word “comprising.”

Turning now to the figures, and in particular to FIGS. 1-3, embodimentsof a desalinization apparatus 10 are shown. For example, there may beprovided a first end 15 and a second end 20 in opposition to oneanother. A line between first end 15 and the second end 20 forming anaxis 25 (FIG. 1). First end 15 may form at least one port 30 forreceiving airflow 30AF therethrough and at a pressure higher than anambient atmospheric pressure. First end 15 may form at least one port 35for receiving salt water 35SW therethrough and at a pressure higher thanthe ambient atmospheric pressure. Second end 20 may form at least oneoutput 45 for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and the second endforming at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water,salt and air.

There may be provided at least one tube casing 50 extending betweenfirst end 15 and the second end 20. Tube casing 50 may enclose aplurality of chambers 55 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) for evaporating salt water35SW into airflow 30AF, at least one of the chambers 55 may form aplurality of passageways 60 arranged substantially parallel to axis 25between first end 15 and second end 20. A plurality of ports 65 frompassageways 60 may be formed in at lease one of the chambers 55. Ports65 may be arranged in a plurality of rows 70 substantially parallel toone another and substantially perpendicular to axis 25 between first end15 and second end 20.

Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, first end 15 may include an input body 75having an airflow connector 80, a fluid connector 85, and a valveassembly 90. Airflow connector 80 may be configured to receive tubing 95for airflow 30AF provided thereto. Fluid connector 85 may be configuredto receive tubing 100 for salt water 35SW provided thereto. Valveassembly 90 is configured to regulate flow of salt water 35SW providedthereto.

Airflow and salt water input may be adjusted for efficient evaporationwithin the desalinization apparatus. For example, airflow connector 80may be configured to provide airflow 30AF at a pressure of about 80 psiinto desalinization apparatus 10. Airflow connector 80 may be configuredto provide airflow 30AF at a volume of about 10 to 50 cubic feet perminute (cfm.) Airflow connector 80 may be configured to provide airflow30AF at a temperature of about 100° to 150° F.

Fluid connector 85 may be configured to provide salt water 35SW at apressure of about 5 to 10 psi greater than the pressure of the airflowso as to provide a pressure differential to allow salt water 35SW toenter the airflow. In one embodiment, desalinization apparatus 10 mayprovide at least 10 ml per minute of water from the pure water vapor. Inanother embodiment, desalinization apparatus 10 may provide at least13.5 ml per minute of water from the pure water vapor.

Output may provide to a passageway 115 in communication with arefrigerator to condense the water vapor into salt-free water. In oneembodiment, output 45 may be configured for providing outflow of amixture of water, salt and air is configured to provide the mixture to aseparator bottle to further process the mixture into salt-free water.Referring to FIGS. 1-3, tube casing 50 may include a processing section105 and a separator section 110 in fluid communication with one another.Processing section 105 may be configured to receive airflow 30AF andsalt water 35SW from first end 15. Processing section 105 may beconfigured to evaporate at least a portion of the salt water 35SW priorto the separator section 110. Separator section 110 may be configured todischarge water vapor to a passageway 115 in communication with arefrigerator to condense the water vapor into salt-free water anddischarge a mixture of water, salt and air into a separate passageway 45from the passageway 115 in communication with the refrigerator.

In order to evaporate water from the salt water into the airflow,processing section 105 directs the airflow and the salt water throughports 65 of chambers 55 to form at least one vortex about axis 25 so asto evaporate water vapor from the salt water into the airflow. Forexample, one or more processors in the device may be configured tocreate a pressure drop in the direction of airflow, and this pressuredrop evaporates liquid into the airflow. In an exemplary embodiment,each of eight processors may provide a pressure drop so as to evaporateliquid. The pressure drop per processor may be within a range of 0.75 to4 pounds per square inch (psi). In one embodiment, the plurality ofchambers 55 forming processing section 105 may include different typesof v-cups 120.The different types of v-cups 120 include a restrictivev-cup 102R, a 3 row v-cup 120R3, and a 5 row v-cup 120R5. Restrictivev-cup 120R may be configured to create a pressure drop of airflow 30AFand salt water 35SW therein. This increases pressure prior torestrictive v-cup 120R toward the first end 15 and allows airflow 30AFto hold additional water vapor. Processing section 105 may be configuredto maximize evaporation of the salt water 35SW prior to the separatorsection 110.

Separator section 110 may be configured to prevent salt from beingdischarged from output 40 for providing outflow of pure water vapor. Inan embodiment, processing section 105 may be configured to provideadditional evaporation of the salt water prior to the second end 20.

One or more flanges 125 may be provided to connect processor section 105and separator section 110 to input body 75 and output 40, respectively,as together with one another. In various embodiments, flanges 125 may beremovable for cleaning or repairing desalinization apparatus 10. Inalternative embodiments, flanges 125 may be integrally formed with tubecasing 50 or omitted from desalinization apparatus 10.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, a ring 135 may be provided betweenbeach of the chambers 55 around the distal end of each of the v-cups 120(toward second end 20 of desalinization apparatus 10.) Ring 135 may beformed of a resilient material to function as a removable gasket. Inother embodiments, chambers 55 may be formed in other fluid tightmanners with respect to one another.

Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a series of separator chambers 135.In an embodiment, one or more separator chambers 135 may be formed withpartitions 140. An outlet 142 may be provided through each one of thepartitions 140. Within separator chamber 135, flow of water with saltwill generally follow path 145 and water vapor will generally followpath 150. The radius of outlets 142 creates these paths 145, 150 so asto prevent salt from entering output 401. This configuration of theoutput 401 with a flange 40F avoids mixing of paths 145, 150 and allowscollection of sediment, salt, and any other non-vapor materials to beseparately collected through passageway 45. These materials pass throughsecond end 20 and may be separately processed. Without flange 40F atoutlet 401, materials within path 145 may mix with path 150 so as tocontaminate the water vapor within path 150. Looking now at FIG. 7,there is shown a perspective view of second end 20 with output 40 forwater vapor. FIG. 7 illustrates output 45 for salt water and othercontaminants.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of desalinization apparatus10. Chambers 55 are shown with outlets 122 leading from a portion towardfirst end 15 to a subsequent chamber or separator section 110 towardsecond end 20. As described above, a vortex may be formed in each one ofchambers 55 by airflow through the plurality of ports 65. Airflowtogether with salt water and any water vapor is received into eachchamber 55 through passageways 60 from a portion toward first end 15into the plurality of rows 70. After traveling though ports 65 andforming a vortex, airflow continues to travel toward second end 20through outlet 122.

An exemplary embodiment of this configuration can also be seen in FIG.9. From left to right, in the same direction as illustrated in FIGS.1-8, airflow carrying salt water, together with any particulate matterand vapor, enters v-cup 120 through passageways 60. Airflow is nextdirected through a plurality of ports 65 to form a vortex. Airflowsubsequently emerges from outlet 122 for processing within another v-cup120 or separator section 110. FIG. 10 illustrates airflow passageways 60and rows 70 in an orthogonal relationship with one another.Alternatively, passageways 60 and rows 70 may be configured at anotherangle with respect to one another.

Referring to FIG. 11, there is illustrated a perspective view with across-section of v-cup 120 removed toward first end 15. From the insideof v-cup 120, outlet 122 toward second end 20 is visible. In addition,there are shown ports 65 as well as passageways 65 and rows 70 fordirecting airflow into the inside of cut 120. FIG. 12 provides a similarillustration of v-cup 120 as FIG. 11. In this view, outlet 122 is notvisible, but ring 130 is provided in the groove at the end of v-cup 120toward second end 20. FIG. 13 is another view in which thecross-sectional view looks within v-cup 120 toward first end 15.Passageways 60 and rows 70 leading to ports 65 are shown in FIG. 13. Inone embodiment, v-cup 120 may include ports 65 in communication withrows 70 as illustrated in FIG. 14.

Looking at FIG. 15, and in one embodiment, an inside track 155 may beprovided to feed tangential passageways 70 from passageways 60. Withthis configuration, a lower resistance v-cup 120 having either 5 rows or3 rows of ports 65 may be provided.

A restrictive v-cup 120R is illustrated in FIG. 16. A three row v-cup120R3 is illustrated in FIGS. 17-19. A five row v-cup 120R5 isillustrated in FIGS. 20 and 22.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of partition 140 with outlet 142 having aflange for preventing mixing and backflow of water vapor and otherfluids and materials in a separation chamber.

Referring now to FIG. 23, there is shown an exemplary method 2300related to desalinization of salt water. Method 2300 may includeproviding 2305 airflow to a desalinization apparatus at a pressurehigher than an ambient atmospheric pressure. Method 2300 may furtherinclude providing 2310 salt water to the desalinization apparatus at apressure higher than an ambient atmospheric pressure. Method 2300 mayalso include forming 2315 a vortex in the airflow to evaporate watervapor from the salt water. Method 2300 may include providing 2320 thewater vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

In an embodiment, method 2300 may include forming the vortex occurs in achamber. For example, this may include forming a plurality of vorticesin a plurality of chambers in series with one another prior to providingthe water vapor in the airflow to the condenser.

Method 2300 may also include regulating flow of the airflow to thedesalinization device. Airflow into the desalinization apparatus may beprovided at a pressure of about 80 psi. Airflow into the desalinizationapparatus may be provided at a volume of about 10 to 50 cfm. Airflowinto the desalinization apparatus may be provided at a temperature ofabout 100° to 150° F.

Method 2300 may also include regulating flow of the salt water into thedesalinization device. Salt water into the desalinization apparatus maybe provided at a pressure of about 5 to 10 psi greater than the pressureof the airflow so as to provide a pressure differential to allow thesalt water to enter the airflow. Using the above-identifiedspecifications, for example, the desalinization apparatus may provide atleast 10 ml per minute of water from the pure water vapor. However, thedesalinization apparatus may provide at least 13.5 ml per minute ofwater from the pure water vapor.

What is claimed is:
 1. A water treatment apparatus, comprising: ahousing comprising: a first port to receive a flow of air at a pressurehigher than ambient atmospheric pressure; a chamber within which theflow of air is present as a vortex; a second port to receive a flow ofcontaminated water into the vortex to evaporate water vapor from thecontaminated water; and a condenser to convert the water vapor intotreated water.
 2. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of chambers in series with one another withinwhich a plurality of vortices of air are formed prior to delivering thecontaminated water in the vortices.
 3. The water treatment apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a valve to regulate flow of the contaminatedwater to the vortex.
 4. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1,wherein the flow of air into the housing has a pressure of about 80 psi.5. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow of airinto the housing has a volume of about 10 to 50 cfm.
 6. The watertreatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow of air into the housinghas a temperature of about 100° F. to 150° F.
 7. The water treatmentapparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow of contaminated water into thevortex has a pressure of about 5 to 10 psi greater than the pressure ofthe flow of air so as to provide a pressure differential to facilitatethe contaminated water entering the vortex.
 8. The water treatmentapparatus of claim 1, further comprising the contaminated water suppliedto the housing has a pressure higher than ambient atmospheric pressure.9. A water treatment apparatus, comprising: a chamber; a first endhaving a first inlet to receive a flow of air into the chamber in theform of a vortex of air, and a second inlet to receive a flow ofcontaminated water into the vortex to evaporate water in the vortex tocreate water vapor from the contaminated water; a second end having afirst outlet to remove the water vapor; a condenser to convert the watervapor into treated water.
 10. The water treatment apparatus of claim 9,wherein the second end has a second outlet to remove contaminants fromthe contaminated water.
 11. The water treatment apparatus of claim 9,further comprising a valve to regulate flow of the contaminated water tothe second inlet.
 12. The water treatment apparatus of claim 9, whereinthe flow of air is provided at a pressure of about 80 psi, a volume ofabout 10 cfm to about 50 cfm, and a temperature of about 100° F. toabout 150° F.
 13. The water treatment apparatus of claim 9, wherein thecontaminated water is received at the second inlet at a pressure ofabout 5 psi to about 10 psi greater than a pressure of the flow of airreceived at the first inlet.
 14. The water treatment apparatus of claim9, further comprising a plurality of processing chamber arranged inseries along a length of the apparatus.
 15. The water treatmentapparatus of claim 9, wherein the flow of air and the flow ofcontaminated water are supplied at a pressure higher than an ambientatmospheric pressure.
 16. The water treatment apparatus of claim 9,wherein the air flow is directed into the chamber in a directionperpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the chamber.
 17. A watertreatment apparatus to create water vapor from contaminated water,comprising: at least one mixing chamber; a first inlet to receive a flowof air into the at least one mixing chamber, the flow of air having apressure higher than an ambient atmospheric pressure, the flow of airpresent as a vortex in the at least one mixing chamber; a second inletto receive a flow of contaminated water into the at least one mixingchamber to mix with the vortex, the flow of contaminated water having apressure higher than the ambient atmospheric pressure; wherein watervapor from the flow of contaminated water evaporates into the flow ofwithin the vortex.
 18. The water treatment apparatus of claim 17,wherein the contaminated water directed to the vortex has a pressure ofabout 5 psi to about 10 psi greater than the pressure of the flow of airso as to provide a pressure differential.
 19. The water treatmentapparatus of claim 17, further comprising a condenser configured toconvert the water vapor into treated water
 20. The water treatmentapparatus of claim 17, further comprising a plurality of chambersarranged in series, a vortex flow of air provided in each of theplurality of chambers into which the flow of contaminated water isdirected.